Properties of commonly used calcium phosphate cements in trauma and orthopaedic surgery.

Since the introduction of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) in 1985, a number of CPCs became predominantly commercially available for use in trauma and orthopaedic surgery. The aim of this technical note was to provide the relevant knowledge about CPCs that may improve the selection of CPCs for bone defects encountered in trauma and orthopaedic surgery. This includes a classification based on the chemical composition, and details about structural, mechanical and biological properties. Furthermore, the biological performance of each CPC was assessed in an animal study. And finally, a systematic literature search was conducted to provide a comprehensive overview of currently available clinical literature of these CPCs in trauma and orthopaedic surgery.